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How to install pymstache
- Download and install ActivePython
- Open Command Prompt
- Type
pypm install pymstache
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Pystache
Pystache is a Pythonimplementation of Mustache. Mustache isa framework-agnostic, logic-free templating system inspired byctemplate andet.Like ctemplate, Mustache 'emphasizes separating logic from presentation:it is impossible to embed application logic in this template language.'
The mustache(5) man pageprovides a good introduction to Mustache's syntax. For a more complete(and more current) description of Mustache's behavior, see the officialMustache spec.
Pystache is semantically versioned and can befound on PyPI. This version ofPystache passes all tests in version1.1.2 of the spec.
Requirements
Pystache is tested with--
- Python 2.4 (requires simplejson version2.0.9 or earlier)
- Python 2.5 (requiressimplejson)
- Python 2.6
- Python 2.7
- Python 3.1
- Python 3.2
- Python 3.3
Distribute (the setuptoolsfork) is recommended oversetuptools, and is requiredin some cases (e.g. for Python 3 support). If you usepip, you probably already satisfythis requirement.
JSON support is needed only for the command-line interface and to runthe spec tests. We require simplejson for earlier versions of Pythonsince Python's json modulewas added in Python 2.6.
For Python 2.4 we require an earlier version of simplejson sincesimplejson stopped officially supporting Python 2.4 in simplejsonversion 2.1.0. Earlier versions of simplejson can be installed manually,as follows:
Official support for Python 2.4 will end with Pystache version 0.6.0.
Install It
And test it--
To install and test from source (e.g. from GitHub), see the Developsection.
Use It
You can also create dedicated view classes to hold your view logic.
Here's your view class (in .../examples/readme.py):
Instantiating like so:
Then your template, say_hello.mustache (by default in the samedirectory as your class definition):
Pull it together:
For greater control over rendering (e.g. to specify a custom templatedirectory), use the Renderer class like above. One can passattributes to the Renderer class constructor or set them on a Rendererinstance. To customize template loading on a per-view basis, subclassTemplateSpec. See the docstrings of theRendererclass andTemplateSpecclass for more information.
You can also pre-parse a template:
And then:
Python 3
Pystache has supported Python 3 since version 0.5.1. Pystache behavesslightly differently between Python 2 and 3, as follows:
- In Python 2, the default html-escape function cgi.escape() doesnot escape single quotes. In Python 3, the default escape functionhtml.escape() does escape single quotes.
- In both Python 2 and 3, the string and file encodings default tosys.getdefaultencoding(). However, this function can returndifferent values under Python 2 and 3, even when run from the samesystem. Check your own system for the behavior on your system, or donot rely on the defaults by passing in the encodings explicitly (e.g.to the Renderer class).
Unicode
This section describes how Pystache handles unicode, strings, andencodings.
Internally, Pystache uses only unicodestrings(str in Python 3 and unicode in Python 2). For input, Pystacheaccepts both unicode strings and byte strings (bytes in Python 3 andstr in Python 2). For output, Pystache's template rendering methodsreturn only unicode.
Pystache's Renderer class supports a number of attributes to controlhow Pystache converts byte strings to unicode on input. These includethe file_encoding, string_encoding, and decode_errorsattributes.
The file_encoding attribute is the encoding the renderer uses toconvert to unicode any files read from the file system. Similarly,string_encoding is the encoding the renderer uses to convert anyother byte strings encountered during the rendering process into unicode(e.g. context values that are encoded byte strings).
The decode_errors attribute is what the renderer passes as theerrors argument to Python's built-in unicode-decoding function(str() in Python 3 and unicode() in Python 2). The valid valuesfor this argument are strict, ignore, and replace.
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Each of these attributes can be set via the Renderer class'sconstructor using a keyword argument of the same name. See the Rendererclass's docstrings for further details. In addition, thefile_encoding attribute can be controlled on a per-view basis bysubclassing the TemplateSpec class. When not specified explicitly,these attributes default to values set in Pystache's defaultsmodule.
Develop
To test from a source distribution (without installing)--
To test Pystache with multiple versions of Python (with a singlecommand!), you can use tox:
If you do not have all Python versions listed in tox.ini--
The source distribution tests also include doctests and tests from theMustache spec. To include tests from the Mustache spec in your testruns:
The test harness parses the spec's (more human-readable) yaml files ifPyYAML is present. Otherwise, itparses the json files. To install PyYAML--
To run a subset of the tests, you can usenose:
Using Python 3 with Pystache from source
Pystache is written in Python 2 and must be converted to Python 3 priorto using it with Python 3. The installation process (and tox) do thisautomatically.
To convert the code to Python 3 manually (while using Python 3)--
This writes the converted code to a subdirectory called build. Bydesign, Python 3 buildscannotbe created from Python 2.
To convert the code without using setup.py, you can use2to3 as follows (twosteps)--
This converts the code (and doctests) in place.
To import pystache from a source distribution while using Python 3,be sure that you are importing from a directory containing a convertedversion of the code (e.g. from the build directory afterconverting), and not from the original (unconverted) source directory.Otherwise, you will get a syntax error. You can help prevent this by notrunning the Python IDE from the project directory when importingPystache while using Python 3.
Mailing List
There is a mailing list.Note that there is a bit of a delay between posting a message and seeingit appear in the mailing list archive.
Credits
Pystache logo by David Phillips islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 UnportedLicense.
History
Note: Official support for Python 2.4 will end with Pystache version0.6.0.
0.5.3 (2012-11-03)
- Added ability to customize string coercion (e.g. to have None renderas ') (issue #130).
- Added Renderer.render_name() to render a template by name (issue#122).
- Added TemplateSpec.template_path to specify an absolute path to atemplate (issue #41).
- Added option of raising errors on missing tags/partials:Renderer(missing_tags='strict') (issue #110).
- Added support for finding and loading templates by file name inaddition to by template name (issue #127). [xgecko]
- Added a parse() function that yields a printable, pre-compiledparse tree.
- Added support for rendering pre-compiled templates.
- Added Python 3.3 to the list of supported versions.
- Added support for PyPy (issue #125).
- Added support for Travis CI (issue #124).[msabramo]
- Bugfix: defaults.DELIMITERS can now be changed at runtime (issue#135). [bennoleslie]
- Bugfix: exceptions raised from a property are no longer swallowedwhen getting a key from a context stack (issue #110).
- Bugfix: lambda section values can now return non-ascii, non-unicodestrings (issue #118).
- Bugfix: allow test_pystache.py and tox to pass when run froma downloaded sdist (i.e. without the spec test directory).
- Convert HISTORY and README files from reST to Markdown.
- More robust handling of byte strings in Python 3.
- Added Creative Commons license for David Phillips's logo.
0.5.2 (2012-05-03)
- Added support for dot notation and version 1.1.2 of the spec (issue#99). [rbp]
- Missing partials now render as empty string per latest version ofspec (issue #115).
- Bugfix: falsey values now coerced to strings using str().
- Bugfix: lambda return values for sections no longer pushed ontocontext stack (issue #113).
- Bugfix: lists of lambdas for sections were not rendered (issue #114).
0.5.1 (2012-04-24)
- Added support for Python 3.1 and 3.2.
- Added tox support to test multiple Python versions.
- Added test script entry point: pystache-test.
- Added __version__ package attribute.
- Test harness now supports both YAML and JSON forms of Mustache spec.
- Test harness no longer requires nose.
0.5.0 (2012-04-03)
This version represents a major rewrite and refactoring of the code basethat also adds features and fixes many bugs. All functionality andnearly all unit tests have been preserved. However, some backwardsincompatible changes to the API have been made.
Below is a selection of some of the changes (not exhaustive).
Highlights:
- Pystache now passes all tests in version 1.0.3 of the Mustachespec. [pvande]
- Removed View class: it is no longer necessary to subclass from Viewor from any other class to create a view.
- Replaced Template with Renderer class: template rendering behaviorcan be modified via the Renderer constructor or by setting attributeson a Renderer instance.
- Added TemplateSpec class: template rendering can be specified on aper-view basis by subclassing from TemplateSpec.
- Introduced separation of concerns and removed circular dependencies(e.g. between Template and View classes, cf. issue#13).
- Unicode now used consistently throughout the rendering process.
- Expanded test coverage: nosetests now runs doctests and ~105 testcases from the Mustache spec (increasing the number of tests from 56to ~315).
- Added a rudimentary benchmarking script to gauge performance whilerefactoring.
- Extensive documentation added (e.g. docstrings).
Other changes:
- Added a command-line interface. [vrde]
- The main rendering class now accepts a custom partial loader (e.g. adictionary) and a custom escape function.
- Non-ascii characters in str strings are now supported whilerendering.
- Added string encoding, file encoding, and errors options for decodingto unicode.
- Removed the output encoding option.
- Removed the use of markupsafe.
Bug fixes:
- Context values no longer processed as template strings.[jakearchibald]
- Whitespace surrounding sections is no longer altered, per the spec.[heliodor]
- Zeroes now render correctly when using PyPy. [alex]
- Multline comments now permitted. [fczuardi]
- Extensionless template files are now supported.
- Passing **kwargs to Template() no longer modifies thecontext.
- Passing **kwargs to Template() with no context no longerraises an exception.
0.4.1 (2012-03-25)
- Added support for Python 2.4. [wangtz, jvantuyl]
0.4.0 (2011-01-12)
- Add support for nested contexts (within template and view)
- Add support for inverted lists
- Decoupled template loading
0.3.0 (2010-05-03)
- View.template_path can now hold a list of path
- Add {{& blah}} as an alias for {{{ blah }}}
- Higher Order Sections
- Inverted sections
0.2.0 (2010-02-15)
- Bugfix: Methods returning False or None are not rendered
- Bugfix: Don't render an empty string when a tag's value is 0.[enaeseth]
- Add support for using non-callables as View attributes.[joshthecoder]
- Allow using View instances as attributes. [joshthecoder]
- Support for Unicode and non-ASCII-encoded bytestring output.[enaeseth]
- Template file encoding awareness. [enaeseth]
0.1.1 (2009-11-13)
- Ensure we're dealing with strings, always
- Tests can be run by executing the test file directly
License
Copyright (C) 2012 Chris Jerdonek. All rights reserved.
Copyright (c) 2009 Chris Wanstrath
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining acopy of this software and associated documentation files (the'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, includingwithout limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and topermit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject tothe following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be includedin all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESSOR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OFMERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANYCLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THESOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.